It comes down to region-by-region. Tiro would be less advanced, but every other region (especially Ihu and Naho) would be advanced.
With resources, you could attribute it to Mangai, Tiro and Motara harvesting metals and other underground ores (through various methods, mainly elemental power) and trading some of them for goods and services with other regions (at a time where there's no Civil War). After enough trading of resources and techniques, each region could become autonomous and develop their own methods of gathering resources.
As to how they would power the advanced vehicles, it would mainly just be elemental energy from the driver/pilot (you could argue that the elemental energy within Matoran is one of the best fuel sources known to Matoran-kind, so they built their vehicles around it).
Year 1 Artakha could be less advanced, but Year 2 could introduce an industrial revolution which boils over into Civil War. Year 3 could be the result of innovation and hard work, turning Artakha from a G1 Mata Nui to a G1 Metru Nui.