There are definitely some other cultures that Bionicle took inspiration from.
For example, there are characters with names from several different languages, like Greek, Hungarian, Serbian, and various Polynesian languages. People who worked on bionicle have also talked about getting inspiration from comics and movies, like Alien.
It’s entirely possible that someone working on Bionicle knew about these Ghanaian symbols, but I haven’t found any source directly confirming this.
I do not know about everything else, but the UDD symbol at least does not draw inspiration from the symbol you posted, because it was modified from its original B4 symbol.